diff --git a/flight_quality/parser.py b/flight_quality/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b9b072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flight_quality/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import csv
+from io import StringIO
+from .model import Issue, Sample
+
+
+def parse_csv(text: str) -> tuple[list[Sample], list[Issue]]:
+    samples, issues = [], []
+    reader = csv.DictReader(StringIO(text))
+    required = {"time_ms", "temperature_c", "voltage_v"}
+    if not reader.fieldnames or not required.issubset(reader.fieldnames):
+        return [], [Issue(1, "HEADER", "缺少必需列")]
+    for line, row in enumerate(reader, 2):
+        try:
+            samples.append(Sample(line, int(row["time_ms"]), float(row["temperature_c"]), float(row["voltage_v"])))
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            issues.append(Issue(line, "PARSE", "数值缺失或格式错误"))
+    return samples, issues